독성학 용어 전체 목록
독성학은 화학 물질과 독소가 생명체에 미치는 해로운 영향을 과학적으로 연구하는 학문으로, 약물 안전성과 환경 보호에 핵심 역할을 합니다. 생체전환·대사부터 발암성, 신경독성까지 다양한 독성 기전과 평가 방법을 다룹니다. 독성학자, 제약·화학 업계 연구원, 환경·산업보건 전문가들이 물질의 위해성을 정량적으로 평가하고 안전 기준 수립, 규제 정책 수립에 과학적 근거를 제공합니다.
총 348개 용어 · 다른 분야 보기
독동태학 (20개)
- 0차제거동태 (Zero-Order Elimination Kinetics)
- 1차제거동태 (First-Order Elimination Kinetics)
- 구획모델 (Compartmental Model)
- 담즙배설 (Biliary Excretion)
- 독동태-독력학연계모델링 (Toxicokinetic-Toxicodynamic Modeling)
- 독동태변동성 (Toxicokinetic Variability)
- 독동태위성군 (Toxicokinetic Satellite Group)
- 미카엘리스-멘텐포화동태 (Michaelis–Menten Kinetics)
- 배설 (Excretion)
- 비구획분석 (Noncompartmental Analysis)
- 생리기반약동학모델 (Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model)
- 생체이용률 (Bioavailability)
- 옥탄올-물분배계수 (Octanol-Water Partition Coefficient)
- 이속성비례환산 (Allometric Scaling)
- 장간순환 (Enterohepatic Circulation)
- 제거반감기 (Elimination Half-Life)
- 조직분포 (Tissue Distribution)
- 청소율 (Clearance)
- 혈중농도곡선하면적 (Area Under the Curve)
- 흡수 (Absorption)
독력학·독성기전 (21개)
- 공유결합 (Covalent Binding)
- 글루타티온고갈 (Glutathione Depletion)
- 단백질부가체형성 (Protein Adduct Formation)
- 독력학 (Toxicodynamics)
- 독성기전 (Mechanism of Toxicity)
- 미토콘드리아 기능장애 (Mitochondrial Dysfunction)
- 부정적결과경로 (Adverse Outcome Pathway)
- 분자개시사건 (Molecular Initiating Event)
- 산화적인산화탈공역 (Oxidative Phosphorylation Uncoupling)
- 세포막손상 (Cell Membrane Disruption)
- 세포자멸사유발독성 (Apoptosis-Induced Toxicity)
- 수용체매개독성 (Receptor-Mediated Toxicity)
- 염증반응독성 (Inflammatory Response Toxicity)
- 이온통로차단 (Ion Channel Blockade)
- 작용기전 (Mode of Action)
- 지질과산화 (Lipid Peroxidation)
- 친전자체 (Electrophile)
- 칼슘항상성붕괴 (Calcium Homeostasis Disruption)
- 항산화방어체계 (Antioxidant Defense System)
- 핵심사건 (Key Event)
- 효소억제기전 (Enzyme Inhibition Mechanism)
독성시험법 (27개)
- 고정용량법 (Fixed Dose Procedure)
- 과거대조군자료 (Historical Control Data)
- 급성독성등급법 (Acute Toxic Class Method)
- 급성독성시험 (Acute Toxicity Test)
- 독성유전체학 (Toxicogenomics)
- 동물대체시험법 (Alternative to Animal Testing)
- 만성독성발암성병합시험 (Combined Chronic Toxicity-Carcinogenicity Study)
- 만성독성시험 (Chronic Toxicity Test)
- 발암성생물검정 (Carcinogenicity Bioassay)
- 부형제대조군 (Vehicle Control)
- 상하법 (Up-and-Down Procedure)
- 생체내독성시험 (In Vivo Toxicity Test)
- 시험관내독성시험 (In Vitro Toxicity Test)
- 아급성독성시험 (Subacute Toxicity Test)
- 아만성독성시험 (Subchronic Toxicity Test)
- 안점막자극시험 (Eye Irritation Test)
- 양성대조군 (Positive Control)
- 용량범위탐색시험 (Dose Range-Finding Study)
- 우수실험실관리기준 (Good Laboratory Practice)
- 음성대조군 (Negative Control)
- 임상병리검사 (Clinical Pathology)
- 전산독성학 (In Silico Toxicology)
- 제브라피쉬배아독성시험 (Zebrafish Embryo Toxicity Test)
- 조직병리평가 (Histopathology Evaluation)
- 피부자극시험 (Skin Irritation Test)
- 한계시험 (Limit Test)
- OECD시험가이드라인 (OECD Test Guideline)
독성학 총론 (30개)
- 가역적독성 (Reversible Toxicity)
- 간헐적노출 (Intermittent Exposure)
- 개인감수성 (Individual Susceptibility)
- 국소독성 (Local Toxicity)
- 급성노출 (Acute Exposure)
- 길항작용 (Antagonistic Effect)
- 노출경로 (Exposure Route)
- 노출기간 (Exposure Duration)
- 누적독성 (Cumulative Toxicity)
- 독 (Poison)
- 독성물질 (Toxicant)
- 독성물질상호작용 (Toxicant Interaction)
- 독성반응 (Toxic Response)
- 독성학 (Toxicology)
- 독성학적프로파일 (Toxicological Profile)
- 독소 (Toxin)
- 만성노출 (Chronic Exposure)
- 비가역적독성 (Irreversible Toxicity)
- 상가작용 (Additive Effect)
- 상승작용 (Synergistic Effect)
- 선택독성 (Selective Toxicity)
- 성별감수성 (Sex-Related Susceptibility)
- 연령의존감수성 (Age-Dependent Susceptibility)
- 외인성물질 (Xenobiotic)
- 잠복기(독성학) (Latency Period)
- 잠재화작용 (Potentiation)
- 전신독성 (Systemic Toxicity)
- 종특이성 (Species Specificity)
- 특이체질반응 (Idiosyncratic Reaction)
- 파라켈수스원칙 (Paracelsus Principle)
면역독성 (18개)
- 감작 (Sensitization)
- 과민반응 (Hypersensitivity)
- 국소림프절시험 (Local Lymph Node Assay)
- 면역독성학 (Immunotoxicology)
- 면역억제 (Immunosuppression)
- 면역자극 (Immunostimulation)
- 비만세포탈과립 (Mast Cell Degranulation)
- 사이토카인 폭풍 (Cytokine Storm)
- 숙주저항성시험 (Host Resistance Assay)
- 슬와림프절시험 (Popliteal Lymph Node Assay)
- 알레르기성접촉피부염 (Allergic Contact Dermatitis)
- 자가면역유발 (Autoimmunity Induction)
- 접촉과민반응 (Contact Hypersensitivity)
- 제1형 과민반응 (Type I Hypersensitivity)
- 피부감작시험 (Skin Sensitization Test)
- 호흡기감작 (Respiratory Sensitization)
- IgE매개반응 (Immunoglobulin E-Mediated Response)
- T세포의존항체반응시험 (T-Cell-Dependent Antibody Response Assay)
발암성 (18개)
- 개시-촉진-진행 (Initiation-Promotion-Progression)
- 경태반발암 (Transplacental Carcinogenesis)
- 공동발암물질 (Co-Carcinogen)
- 국제암연구소분류 (IARC Classification)
- 다단계발암모델 (Multistage Carcinogenesis Model)
- 발암과정 (Carcinogenesis)
- 발암력 (Carcinogenic Potency)
- 발암물질 (Carcinogen)
- 비유전독성발암물질 (Non-genotoxic Carcinogen)
- 원종양유전자 (Proto-Oncogene)
- 유전독성발암물질 (Genotoxic Carcinogen)
- 전이기전 (Metastasis Mechanism)
- 종양억제유전자불활성화 (Tumor Suppressor Gene Inactivation)
- 종양유전자활성화 (Oncogene Activation)
- 종양촉진제 (Tumor Promoter)
- 종양형성 (Tumorigenesis)
- 화학적발암 (Chemical Carcinogenesis)
- 후성유전적발암기전 (Epigenetic Carcinogenesis)
법독성학 (10개)
- 모발분석 (Hair Analysis)
- 법독성학 (Forensic Toxicology)
- 법의부검 (Forensic Autopsy)
- 사인규명 (Cause of Death Determination)
- 액체크로마토그래피-질량분석법 (Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry)
- 약물이용범죄 (Drug-Facilitated Crime)
- 유리체액분석 (Vitreous Humor Analysis)
- 전문가증언 (Expert Witness Testimony)
- 증거보관연속성 (Chain of Custody)
- 직장약물검사 (Workplace Drug Testing)
산업·직업독성학 (18개)
- 개인보호장비 (Personal Protective Equipment)
- 관리기준치 (Action Level)
- 규폐증 (Silicosis)
- 노출관리등급화 (Exposure Control Banding)
- 노출한계값 (Threshold Limit Value)
- 단시간노출기준 (Short-Term Exposure Limit)
- 물질안전보건자료 (Safety Data Sheet)
- 벤젠독성 (Benzene Toxicity)
- 산업위생 (Industrial Hygiene)
- 생물학적노출지수 (Biological Exposure Index)
- 석면폐증 (Asbestosis)
- 시간가중평균 (Time-Weighted Average)
- 유기용제독성 (Organic Solvent Toxicity)
- 직업성천식 (Occupational Asthma)
- 최고노출한계 (Ceiling Limit)
- 허용노출기준 (Permissible Exposure Limit)
- 호흡보호구지정보호계수 (Respirator Assigned Protection Factor)
- 화학물질분류표시국제조화시스템 (Globally Harmonized System)
생식발생독성 (27개)
- 2세대생식독성시험 (Two-Generation Reproduction Study)
- 기형발생 (Teratogenesis)
- 난자독성 (Ovotoxicity)
- 내분비교란기전 (Endocrine Disruption Mechanism)
- 내분비교란물질 (Endocrine Disruptor)
- 다세대시험 (Multigenerational Study)
- 디에틸스틸베스트롤노출 (Diethylstilbestrol Exposure)
- 모체독성 (Maternal Toxicity)
- 발생독성 (Developmental Toxicity)
- 발생임계기 (Critical Period of Development)
- 배아독성 (Embryotoxicity)
- 생식독성 (Reproductive Toxicity)
- 세대간독성 (Transgenerational Toxicity)
- 수유이행 (Lactational Transfer)
- 에스트로겐유사활성 (Estrogenic Activity)
- 임신중노출 (Gestational Exposure)
- 정자독성 (Spermatotoxicity)
- 최기형물질 (Teratogen)
- 출생전발생독성시험 (Prenatal Developmental Toxicity Study)
- 출생후발생독성 (Postnatal Developmental Toxicity)
- 탈리도마이드사건 (Thalidomide Tragedy)
- 태반독성 (Placental Toxicity)
- 태반이행 (Placental Transfer)
- 태아독성 (Fetotoxicity)
- 태아알코올증후군 (Fetal Alcohol Syndrome)
- 항안드로겐활성 (Anti-Androgenic Activity)
- 확장1세대생식독성시험 (Extended One-Generation Reproductive Toxicity Study)
생체전환·대사 (27개)
- 글루쿠론산포합 (Glucuronidation)
- 글루타티온포합 (Glutathione Conjugation)
- 글루타티온S-전이효소 (Glutathione S-Transferase)
- 대사활성화경로 (Metabolic Activation Pathway)
- 독성활성화 (Toxication)
- 메틸화대사 (Methylation Metabolism)
- 반응성대사체 (Reactive Metabolite)
- 생체전환 (Biotransformation)
- 생체활성화 (Bioactivation)
- 아미노산포합 (Amino Acid Conjugation)
- 아세틸화대사 (Acetylation Metabolism)
- 에폭사이드가수분해효소 (Epoxide Hydrolase)
- 유전적다형성 (Genetic Polymorphism)
- 일산소첨가반응 (Monooxygenase Reaction)
- 제1상반응 (Phase I Reaction)
- 제2상반응 (Phase II Reaction)
- 플라빈함유일산소첨가효소 (Flavin-Containing Monooxygenase)
- 해독대사 (Detoxication)
- 환원대사 (Reductive Metabolism)
- 황산포합 (Sulfation Conjugation)
- 효소억제 상호작용 (Enzyme Inhibition (Drug Interaction))
- 효소유도 (Enzyme Induction)
- CYP1A2효소 (CYP1A2 Enzyme)
- CYP2D6효소 (CYP2D6 Enzyme)
- CYP3A4효소 (CYP3A4 Enzyme)
- N-아세틸전이효소 (N-Acetyltransferase)
- UDP글루쿠론산전이효소 (UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase)
신경독성 (15개)
- 농약신경독성 (Pesticide Neurotoxicity)
- 말초신경병증 (Peripheral Neuropathy)
- 망간유발파킨슨증 (Manganese-Induced Parkinsonism)
- 메틸수은신경독성 (Methylmercury Neurotoxicity)
- 발생신경독성 (Developmental Neurotoxicity)
- 수초병증 (Myelinopathy)
- 신경독성 (Neurotoxicity)
- 신경세포병증 (Neuronopathy)
- 신경전달물질교란 (Neurotransmitter Disruption)
- 신경행동독성학 (Neurobehavioral Toxicology)
- 용제신경독성 (Solvent Neurotoxicity)
- 용제유발뇌병증 (Solvent-Induced Encephalopathy)
- 유기인지연신경병증 (Organophosphate-Induced Delayed Neuropathy)
- 축삭병증 (Axonopathy)
- 콜린에스테라제억제 (Cholinesterase Inhibition)
용량-반응관계 (14개)
- 기울기계수 (Slope Factor)
- 무영향관찰용량 (No Observed Effect Level)
- 반수치사농도 (Median Lethal Concentration)
- 반수치사량 (Median Lethal Dose (LD50))
- 반수효과용량 (Median Effective Dose (ED50))
- 안전역 (Margin of Safety)
- 역가 (Potency)
- 용량-반응 관계 (Dose-Response Relationship)
- 유효용량 (Effective Dose)
- 최소영향관찰용량 (Lowest Observed Effect Level)
- 치사농도 (Lethal Concentration)
- 치사용량 (Lethal Dose)
- S자형용량-반응곡선 (Sigmoidal Dose-Response Curve)
- U자형용량-반응곡선 (U-Shaped Dose-Response Curve)
위해성평가 (15개)
- 기준용량 (Benchmark Dose)
- 기준점용량 (Point of Departure)
- 단계적위해성평가 (Tiered Risk Assessment)
- 몬테카를로위해성시뮬레이션 (Monte Carlo Risk Simulation)
- 민감집단 (Sensitive Subpopulation)
- 발암기울기계수 (Cancer Slope Factor)
- 불확실계수 (Uncertainty Factor)
- 위해관리 (Risk Management)
- 위해도결정 (Risk Characterization)
- 위해요인 (Hazard)
- 유사물질교차평가 (Read-Across)
- 종간외삽 (Interspecies Extrapolation)
- 증거가중접근법 (Weight-of-Evidence Approach)
- 참고농도 (Reference Concentration)
- 흡입단위위해도 (Inhalation Unit Risk)
유전독성 (20개)
- 뉴클레오티드절제복구 (Nucleotide Excision Repair)
- 돌연변이유발성 (Mutagenicity)
- 마우스림프종시험 (Mouse Lymphoma Assay)
- 비정기DNA합성 (Unscheduled DNA Synthesis)
- 산화적DNA손상 (Oxidative DNA Damage)
- 생식세포돌연변이유발성 (Germ Cell Mutagenicity)
- 소핵시험 (Micronucleus Test)
- 에임스 시험 (Ames Test)
- 염기절제복구 (Base Excision Repair)
- 염색체이상시험 (Chromosomal Aberration Test)
- 염색체절단성 (Clastogenicity)
- 유전독성불순물 (Genotoxic Impurity)
- 유전자돌연변이시험 (Gene Mutation Assay)
- 이수성유발성 (Aneugenicity)
- 자매염색분체교환 (Sister Chromatid Exchange)
- 코멧분석 (Comet Assay)
- 형질전환설치류돌연변이시험 (Transgenic Rodent Mutation Assay)
- 후성유전독성 (Epigenetic Toxicity)
- DNA복구기전 (DNA Repair Mechanism)
- DNA부가체 (DNA Adduct)
임상독성학 (22개)
- 과다복용관리 (Overdose Management)
- 교감신경흥분독성증후군 (Sympathomimetic Toxidrome)
- 납중독 (Lead Poisoning)
- 독성증후군 (Toxidrome)
- 세로토닌증후군 (Serotonin Syndrome)
- 수은중독 (Mercury Poisoning)
- 아세틸콜린에스테라제재활성제 (Acetylcholinesterase Reactivator)
- 아편유사제독성증후군 (Opioid Toxidrome)
- 위세척 (Gastric Lavage)
- 전장관세척 (Whole Bowel Irrigation)
- 제독 (Decontamination)
- 중독관리센터 (Poison Control Center)
- 중독시혈액투석 (Hemodialysis in Poisoning)
- 진정수면제독성증후군 (Sedative-Hypnotic Toxidrome)
- 카드뮴중독 (Cadmium Poisoning)
- 콜린성독성증후군 (Cholinergic Toxidrome)
- 킬레이트요법 (Chelation Therapy)
- 포메피졸 (Fomepizole)
- 프랄리독심 (Pralidoxime)
- 플루마제닐 (Flumazenil)
- 항콜린성독성증후군 (Anticholinergic Toxidrome)
- N-아세틸시스테인해독제 (N-Acetylcysteine Antidote)
표적장기독성 (15개)
- 간독성 (Hepatotoxicity)
- 갑상선독성 (Thyroid Toxicity)
- 근골격계독성 (Musculoskeletal Toxicity)
- 부신독성 (Adrenal Toxicity)
- 비장독성 (Splenotoxicity)
- 신독성 (Nephrotoxicity)
- 심장독성 (Cardiotoxicity)
- 안구독성 (Ocular Toxicity)
- 위장관독성 (Gastrointestinal Toxicity)
- 이독성 (Ototoxicity)
- 췌장독성 (Pancreatic Toxicity)
- 폐독성 (Pulmonary Toxicity)
- 피부독성 (Dermatotoxicity)
- 혈관독성 (Vascular Toxicity)
- 혈액독성 (Hematotoxicity)
환경독성학 (18개)
- 농약잔류물 (Pesticide Residue)
- 물벼룩독성시험 (Daphnia Toxicity Test)
- 미나마타병 (Minamata Disease)
- 생물농축계수 (Bioconcentration Factor)
- 생태역학 (Eco-Epidemiology)
- 생태위해성평가 (Ecological Risk Assessment)
- 수생독성학 (Aquatic Toxicology)
- 어류독성시험 (Fish Toxicity Test)
- 영양단계전이 (Trophic Transfer)
- 예측무영향농도 (Predicted No-Effect Concentration)
- 예측환경농도 (Predicted Environmental Concentration)
- 전체배출수독성시험 (Whole Effluent Toxicity Test)
- 조류생장저해시험 (Algal Growth Inhibition Test)
- 종민감도분포 (Species Sensitivity Distribution)
- 토양독성시험 (Soil Toxicity Test)
- 퇴적물독성시험 (Sediment Toxicity Test)
- 환경독성학 (Ecotoxicology)
- 환경중거동 (Environmental Fate)
기타 (13개)
- 고속대량스크리닝 (high-throughput screening (HTS))
- 괴사 (Necrosis)
- 구조-활성 관계 (structure-activity relationship (SAR))
- 생물축적 (Bioaccumulation)
- 신장청소율 (Renal Clearance)
- 아나필락시스 (Anaphylaxis)
- 역치 용량 (Threshold Dose)
- 자유라디칼 (Free Radical)
- 잔류성유기오염물질 (Persistent Organic Pollutant)
- 정량적 구조-활성 관계 (quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR))
- 제2형 과민반응 (Type II Hypersensitivity)
- 제3형 과민반응 (Type III Hypersensitivity)
- 제4형 과민반응 (Type IV Hypersensitivity)